The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.